Essay --

Presentation Sir Alex Chapman Ferguson, a football living legend was conceived on 31st December, 1941 in Glasgow, Scotland. In his whole life expectancy as a football player and an administrator, he has been one of the most steady and amazing name in the game. He was a previous football player at the Scottish football crew and has additionally played for different English clubs. He turned into the top objective scorer by scoring 31 objectives in the Scottish League. Afterward, in 1974, his profession as a football supervisor got a launch when he was chosen as the director of a group called East Stirlingshire. A short time later, he was moved to numerous clubs and was chosen for a similar post in the clubs including St. Mirren and Aberdeen. Likewise, he got chose as the director of Scotland’s universal group and drove them for a year. In the year 1986 his way to magnificence began when he was chosen as the chief of one of the most well known and one of the greatest football club of the over all time ‘Manchester united’. He has been on a similar post from that point forward and his profession of 26 years at Manchester United has been one of the most sublime and energizing one for any director in the realm of sports. He is alluring, brilliant, and adaptable and his compulsive worker type disposition has benefitted the group overall from numerous points of view and in this manner he is a significant and compelling piece of the group. He has driven the group on the triumph way from 6 November, 1986 to 19 May, 2013 when he declared his retirement. This period saw the Manchester United with a success level of 59.67 %. â€Å"Some individuals would prefer not to work yet I need to proceed working.† - Sir Alex Ferguson. Accomplishments Under Sir’s... .../creators/an/alex_ferguson.html. Last got to 07 March 2014. Alex Ferguson Quotes | Football+science.(2014). Alex Ferguson Quotes. Accessible: http://footballsci.wordpress.com/cites/alex-ferguson-cites/. Last got to 09 March 2014. Administration Styles - Leadership Skills from MindTools.com. (2014). Initiative Styles - Leadership Skills from MindTools.com. Accessible at:http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm. Last Accessed 07 March 2014. Top 10 Quotes by Sir Alex Ferguson | Sir Alex 26 Year Anniversary. (2014). Top 10 Quotes by Sir Alex Ferguson | Sir Alex 26 Year Anniversary. Accessible at: http://manutddiehardfans.com/top-10-cites by-sir-alex-ferguson/. Last Accessed 01 March 2014. Alex Ferguson Leadership. (2014). Alex Ferguson Leadership. Accessible at: http://www.leadership-with-you.com/alex-ferguson-leadership.html. Last Accessed 07 March 2014.

How to Write a Good Paragraph For an Essay

How to Write a Good Paragraph For an EssayIt is very difficult to learn how to write a good paragraph for an essay, which is why most students are not able to write a good essay. This is because they do not know how to set the right sentences in their essay. The following paragraphs to help you know how to write a good paragraph for an essay.The first paragraph should be about the topic of the essay. You should know what the topic of the essay is before writing the first paragraph. It is always advisable to go with the topic that you know.The second paragraph is about writing about your writing process. If you want to learn how to write a good paragraph for an essay, then you should know the importance of writing process. You should know that when you write something, you should write something according to your feelings and not according to a certain pattern. Your thoughts will flow with the flow of your writing and this will provide you with a better writing experience. This is why you should know that you should try to write according to your feeling.The third paragraph is about your writing style. When you write something, you should write it according to your style. You should not look at others' writing style. When you do this, you will get lost in your own thoughts and this will make you write something that is not right. When you know that you should write according to your style, you can start writing.The fourth paragraph is about your opinion. You should know that opinions are very important and they should be placed somewhere. You should place your opinion in the first paragraph of your essay. When you place your opinion in the first paragraph, you will get a lot of people who will be able to understand what you are trying to say.The fifth paragraph is about editing. Before you have published your essay, you should edit it. Editing is a process that you should learn before you get into publishing your essay.The sixth paragraph is about your speaking and writing styles. You should know that there are many writers and this is why you should find your style. In this essay, you should not write what you feel but what you think is the best way to express yourself. You should also know that this essay is about your writing and therefore, you should know what writing style to use.The seventh paragraph is about grammar. You should know that grammar is very important and it should be used correctly. When you know that grammar is important, you can use it. When you do not know grammar, you should know that you should write according to your writing style.

Tax Laws of Saudi Arabia-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Article 1 of Income Tax Laws of Saudi Arabia has characterized different terms utilized in that. It characterizes Person as any characteristic individual or corporate individual. What do you comprehend by this Natural and Corporate individual? 2.According to the law, any individual who doesn't fulfill the necessities of the status of an inhabitant is called Non-Resident. Express the necessity for the status of an inhabitant. 3.According to the law, any individual who doesn't fulfill the prerequisites of the status of an inhabitant is called Non-Resident. Express the necessity for the status of an occupant. 4.According to Article 18 (an), Expenses caused by the citizen for the fix or improvement of depreciable resources in each gathering might be deducted. What are these gatherings of depreciable resources and notice the depreciable rates for each gathering. Answers: 1.Article 1 of annual Tax Laws of Saudi Arabia has characterized individual as common and corporate individual that implies the regular individual is a living person with specific rights and duties under the law. Characteristic individual: A genuine and living person, Have the intensity of decision and thought, Can play out the associations capacities and furthermore be a lawful individual, The life of the individual is restricted implies that he/she can pass on whenever. Corporate individual implies that a partnership is spoken to not quite the same as its director, representatives and proprietors that implies the organization has a different personality. The corporate individual has same lawful rights and duties as that of any normal individual. 2.The necessities to be satisfied by the individual to be called as an occupant may be: For common individual: A characteristic individual is considered as the occupant on the off chance that he satisfies any of the accompanying two criterias these are: He/she have a perpetual spot of habitation in the state and live there for at least 30 days in the available year. He/she dwell for at least 183 days in an available year in the Kingdome. For the over two criterias the stay in the Kingdome for some portion of the day is to be considered as entire day aside from if the individual is in travel that is he/she is heading out starting with one Kingdome then onto the next. The organization is viewed as inhabitant if the organization satisfies any of the underneath recorded conditions: The organization is joined as per the Companies Law. The focal administration of the organization is situated in the Kingdome. 3.As per Article 9 of the Income Tax Act of Saudi Arabia the advantage which is burdened by obligation having esteem more than its fairly estimated worth then the sum that is be utilized with the end goal of tax assessment will be its unique worth. The sum that is treated as remuneration will be SAR 15000. 4.The gatherings of depreciable resources and their paces of deterioration are: Depreciable Assets Pace of Depreciation Stationer Buildings 5% Mobile horticultural and Industrial Buildings 10% Manufacturing plants, machines, motors, equipment and programming (Computer programming) and hardware, including traveler and payload vehicles 25% Costs for geographical studying, penetrating, investigation and other fundamental work to abuse common assets and build up their fields 20% All other substantial resources excluded from past classifications, for example, furniture, planes, boats, trains and altruism 10%

4 Example AP US History Short Answer Questions

The short answer is one of the newer features of the APUSH exam, and at 20% of your overall APUSH score, you want to make sure you can tackle these questions with confidence. Use these 3 questions – and one student example – to help you study for the short answers on the APUSH exam. What does a short answer question require me to do? Taken from the APUSH website, a short answer question will have you: 1. Analyze historians interpretations, historical sources, and propositions about history. 2. Answer questions that may include texts, images, graphs, or maps. 3. Update for 2017-18: The number of required short answer questions has been reduced to three, and the time allotted has been decreased to 40 minutes. Students will choose between two options for the final required short answer question, each one focusing on a different time period. Question 1 (required): periods 3-8 Question 2 (required): periods 3-8 Students choose between Question 3, periods 1-5, and Question 4, periods 6-9 Think of the short answer as an opportunity for you to do more of the historical thinking work that you have prepared to do. Can you give me an example of past short answer questions? I can do that and break down why the student got the score that they did. The following example, and student response, is taken from the 2016 APUSH exam. Let’s break this down a little bit. For part (a), the question is asking you what contributed to the change shown on the graph – not what was the most important cause, or the major factor, but what contributed. This opens up a lot of possibilities for you! The graph is showing an exponential increase in immigration to the United States (notice the question isn’t asking for a specific part of the United States – score!) between 1820 and 1859. Questions (b) and (c) are asking you to explain historical events that resulted from this increase in immigration; again, this is not requiring you to talk about an immediate result or the most significant, but just to explain events that resulted from the change depicted in the graph. You can do both of these things. Let’s see how students responded. How well do you think this student addressed the three components in the question? Did you get a little confused at the third response? After all, what is this 3% limit on immigration this student is responding to? The APUSH exam graders agreed. As stated by the College Board, the makers of the APUSH exam, this student earned 1 point for part (a) – â€Å"This brief response earned a point for identifying that due to the Industrial Revolution â€Å"more and more factory jobs were available,† causing â€Å"an influx of immigration.† – 1 point for part (b) – â€Å"The response earned a point forstating that â€Å" ‘true Americans’† developed â€Å"negative feelings towards immigrants.† – but earned 0 points for part (c) – â€Å"No point was awarded for this response because it incorrectly asserts that a â€Å"3% limit applied to immigration† during this period.† Let’s look at another example that got all 3 points. Your default assumption may be that this second response is longer, and therefore, it earned more points. But that’s not what the APUSH scorers believed; after all, you only have 40 minutes. You need to be efficient in your responses. They stated the following (again, from the College Board website): (a) 1 point: This well-written response earned a point for identifying increased immigration in the given time period as a result of the potato famine in Ireland. (b) 1 point: The response earned a point as it connects xenophobia to the fear that â€Å"immigrants would disrupt American culture† thereby leading to the Know-Nothings. (c) 1 point: In spite of the reference to specific examples outside the period, the answer earned a point for noting that increased immigration made for â€Å"cheap labor.† My point in showing you these two examples is to demonstrate that (1) being accurate, (2) writing clearly, and (3) referencing specifics are what the exam graders are looking for in responses. If you can do those three things, you will be well on your way to full credit for each short answer question. 3 Sample Short Answer Questions Short Answer 1 Political Cartoon, 1856. Source Stanford History Education Group. Using the political cartoon, answer (a), (b), and (c) . (a) Briefly describe ONE historical perspective that would support the ideas presented in this political cartoon. (b) Briefly describe ONE historical perspective that would contradict/disagree with the ideas presented in this political cartoon. (c) Describe ONE event that was the result of the event presented in this political cartoon. Short Answer 2 The cartoon was drawn in 1871 by Thomas Nast for Harper’s Weekly, a Northern magazine. In this cartoon, we see Columbia, the feminine symbol of the United States, protecting a Chinese man against a gang of Irish and German thugs. At the bottom, it says Hands off-Gentlemen! America means fair play for all men. Source Stanford History Education Group. Using the political cartoon, answer (a), (b), and (c) . (a) Briefly describe ONE event or idea that Nast was responding to in this cartoon. (b) Briefly describe ONE way you know from the cartoon that this was published in a Northern magazine. (c) Briefly describe ONE outcome of the event or idea that is depicted in this cartoon. Short Answer 3 Source: Gene Smiley, Recent Unemployment Rate Estimates for the 1920s and 1930s,Journal of Economic History, June 1983. Stanford History Education Group. Using the table above, answer (a), (b), and (c) . (a) Briefly describe ONE contributing factor to the unemployment rates depicted in this table. (b) Briefly describe ANOTHER contributing factor to the unemployment rates depicted in this table. (c) Briefly describe ONE reason for the falling unemployment rates in 1941. Possible Response: Short Answer 1 (a) This cartoon represents the perspective of a Northerner, or a free-soiler who opposed slavery’s expansion into western territory. They are likely responding to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. (b) Democrats, like Stephen Douglas, would likely disagree with the opinions presented in this political cartoon because they believed compromise over slavery was the way to keep the union together. (c) An obvious outcome of the tensions presented in this cartoon was the Civil War; a continuing outcome of the tensions could also be the conflict that has come to be known as â€Å"Bleeding Kansas.† Short Answer 2 (a) Nast is responding to the finishing of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 that brought in an influx of Chinese immigrants and the xenophobic attitudes that Chinese workers endured as a result of their immigration. (b) This cartoon was published in a Northern magazine because the ruins of the Civil War and southern prejudice are depicted in the background. Nast is drawing a parallel between slavery and discrimination against Chinese workers. (c) The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was an immediate outcome of the tensions described in this political cartoon. Short Answer 3 (a) and (b) The unemployment rates depicted in this graph are the result of The Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and the responses to those events in the form of the First and Second New Deals. (c) One reason for the falling unemployment rates in 1941 was the increase in wartime industry. The US supplied war materials to their allies before entering World War II in December 1941.

The Perceived Nature Of Contemporary Urban Life Essay

The Perceived Nature of Contemporary Urban Life Many writers are wondering whether the increased scale and proportion of the cities are exceeding human capabil- ities to live under conditions of security and mutual sup- port and concern. Some feel the sheer scale of urban life is forcing individual identity to yield to anonymity, indifference, and narrow self-interest. Commentaries on the growing fear, powerlessness, and anger of urban resi- dents are numerous. Yet, even against the backdrop of serious social, economic, and political urban challenges, other writers extol the many virtues of urban life. They note urban life offers residents a broader and more varied mix of intellectual and cultural stimulation, economic opportunity, and personal choice in pursuing various so- cial roles and relations and moral options--including seemingly endless options for money, opportunity, free- dom, excitement, diversity, intellectual stimulation, im- proved public utilities and services, transportation facili- ties, accessibility to health c are services, and multicultur- alism. These too are part of the daily fare of urban life (Marsella, 1991). Over the centuries, a remarkable ambivalence re- garding urban life has emerged. Plato considered rural life to be benevolent and urban life to be malevolent (Ericksen, 1979). Thinkers of the 18th and 19th centuries, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Henry David Tho- reau, prized the virtues of pristine rural life and associ- ated cities withShow MoreRelatedGraffiti As A Sustainable And Decent Art Form1397 Words   |  6 Pagesmultiple stakeholders regarding the nature and acceptability of graffiti as a sustainable and decent art form. Having gained immense popularity in urban environments, graffiti has always been on the verge between art and vandalism. The reason for such controversial perceptions lies in the definition of graffiti and its origins. As Campos defines it, â€Å"graffiti and street art could be considered a practice through which individuals appropriate the city† and whose nature â€Å"is consistently described as subversive†Read MoreHalfway House by Mo han Rakesh750 Words   |  3 Pagesincomplete nature of bourgeois existence. 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End of the Vietnam war and effects on america Essay

U.S. Withdrawal nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;U.S. President Lyndon Johnsons decision not to seek reelection in 1968 prompted serious negotiations to end the war to began. Between 1968 and 1969, contacts in Paris between North Vietnam and the United States were expanded to include South Vietnam and the NLF. Under the leadership of President Richard M Nixon, the United States changed its tactics to combine U.S. troop withdrawals with intensified bombing and the invasion of Communist sanctuaries in Cambodia . Due to the length of the war, the high number of U.S. casualties, and the exposure of U.S. involvement in war crimes such as the massacre at My Lai, the United States began to turn against war. Politically, the movement was led by†¦show more content†¦In an effort to keep the United States out of Vietnam, northerners in the Lao Dong leadership wanted to keep hostilities to a minimum. The problem was, southerners refused to give up the fight. Soon, Thieu expressed that he had no desire to honor the terms of the treaty. In his view, the continued presence of North Vietnamese soldiers in South Vietnam made him exempt from honoring the cease-fire agreement. He immediately began offensives against PRG villages, and he issued an order to the ARVN: â€Å"If Communists come into your village†¦shoot them in the head.† In October 1973, southern Communists were authorized by Hanoi to strike back against ARVN troops. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the meantime, the South Vietnam economy was collapsing due to the withdrawal of United States personal. Millions of the people in Vietnam had become dependent on the money from the U.S. troops. Thieu’s government was badly equipped to help with the increasing poverty and the large amounts of unemployment. Morale was collapsing despite the fact that the ARVN was twice the size as the Communist forces and was still received $700 million from the U.S. Congress. 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Online Shopping For Electronics - Apparel - Computers - Books Amazon

Question: 1. The current competitive position together with future business projections in volume and value terms for the next 3 years. 2. The identification of new strategic marketing applications for growth from market penetration, market development and product development. 3. How market penetration can be sustained by addressing : -Marketing Mix Strategies Digital Marketing Communications Customer Relationship Management? Answer: Introduction Amazon.com developed an Amazon Kindle which is a software and hardware platform that has been designed to store and view electronic books (e-books). The e-book readers have primarily served the customers who demand for the latest technology and are ready to pay the prices for the products on premium rates. There are various market segments that the company targets and serve each of them with their demographic and geographic needs. The strategic goal of the companys marketing plan is basically to serve its clients on effective basis and deliver the product on time. The report discusses the competitive position of the company with other organization and plans the market strategies to penetrate the growing market for the next three years through digital marketing communication as well as managing the customer relationship by satisfying the needs of customers and serve them better. The purpose of the current study is to analyze the current situation of the business and provide the opportunities for future growth of the business. The study is focused on recommending strategy can be developed for the future improvement. 1. Company Background The momentum of the business lead after the dot com button made it enhance the operation of the company. Amazon.com became a wide and well known place for the storing and selling of the books, and this made it the worlds largest bookstore (Amazon.com 2016). Amazone.com brand strategy transformed the corporate level strategies of its competitors also and along with the new mergers and acquisitions with Amazon the company experienced a great success. Amazons strategy in the present time is focused on serving the clients with various branded products and aims to be the place where a consumer can purchase anything online. The technological advancement and the innovation has been the main source of success of Amazon. The power of computation, data storage and bandwidth technologies have improved and are on verge of improving and have also become relatively cheaper over time. With the expanding and growing business operations the company is a search engine, a logistic platform, internet advertising platform for the companies and fulfilling the role of being and IT platform and E-commerce. The electronic paper was used by Kindle that display the customers a little matter through illustration of the physical paper to its users. Amazon Kindle could easily serve the customer and could act as the stand alone device that could download the content of the paper through the EVDO Sprint network. The founder of the company envisioned this device for the readers to be able to become engrossed in the word regardless of the medium of reading. Battery Life, device portability, eye strain and user interface are the tailored services that enhanced the delivery of the books and best experience of the reader possible. Figure 1: Revenue and Profit of Amazon 1.1. Competitive Position of the Company There are hundreds of the companies that Amazon competes with. The online retailers are keen on increasing the product line, for the purpose of economies of scale, along with increase in market penetration through new markets with the existing products. As one of the fastest growing company Amazon is a multinational e-commerce with international presence, faces competition with the various categories of the product. They maintain unique process for the business than the business organizations that operate online e-commerce business. These competitors compete with the effective strategies of positioning in the global market and to become the market leader in physical commerce and e-commerce. The consumers market grows for experiencing efficient and convenient ways for their shopping where they may access variety of products and various price tags sitting at one place. The products are unique and it provides wide range of products to the customers (Levens 2014). Customer can select a p roduct from the different products easily. It also maintains return and refund policy for the customers. The shipment process of the company is very first. Thats why it is able to provide rapid delivery of products to the customers. Figure 2: Operating Profit Generated by Amazon Figure 3: Market Capitalization Amazon marketing strategy has been through advertising of Kindle on its own website. Amazon having a huge data base storage for improving the customer services. The availability of the books at the Kindle stores for the purchase and for online reading is the most convenient way to reach and satisfy the customers needs. One of the competitive advantages of the firm is the prices offered by the company. Some of the key competitors of Amazon are Kindle include eBay and Sony group. The growing perspectives of the company and its market share have increased the sales of the company in electronic books. The e-book reading facility of the company has provided extra advantage to attract more customers than the other customers. Company can face difficult situations if they do take new strategy for the business. It can reduce the revenues of the company in upcoming years. But if they implement new strategy it can help to increase the revenue approximately 10-15% per year. On the other side, th e amount of increase can increase approximately 8-10% per year. Figure 4: Sales of eBook Figure 5: Estimated Book Sales Revenue in 2018 Figure 6: Sales Revenue in United States from 2008-2018 2. Strategic Marketing Application for Growth The e-commerce and online retailing market is increasing and spreading their access throughout the world. Therefore, the company Amazon, being an online retail brand should emphasize more implementing strategic marketing applications throughout their business. The company should keep their focus on product diversification to combat with the increasing demands of customer. The more would be the variety of products, the more customers would be attracted (Grewal and Levy 2012). The reason of expanding the products was to compete with the growing e-commerce businesses and serving the clients with the variety of the products of various brands. Being a renowned e-commerce brand, the company should focus more on its research and development area for innovative product formulation and acquisition of new and innovative technologies. The arrangement of website campaigns, online advertisements, viral marketing would be effective for the company to attract more customers by meeting their specifi c needs (Levens 2014). The company should also focus on the e-book facilities, as with the growing technology-based applications, people like to read e-books for more comfort (Elmoslhey 2011). The companys should undertake strategic planning for analyzing their customers. It would help the company to offer specific opportunities based on the customers nature and buying behavior. For this, the organization should also focus on their E-commerce portals and develop system for keeping and recording tracks of the details of each customers purchase. It would help to enhance both organizational efficiency and the customers satisfaction. A number of different strategic analysis tools are available including BCG and Ansoff matrix to analyze the internal environment of the organization, which would help the organization to identify specific strategic needs and areas of improvement of the company (Grewal and Levy 2012). 2.1. Market Development The company needs to market development strategy for increasing the market share and increase the market share (Laudon et al. 2011). The business of Amazon has constantly been evolving as well as existing with the intense competition. Though the market is very tough, but there are also huge opportunities of the business (Laudon et al. 2011). The trend of shopping is changing day by day. Using of internet technology has emerged the growth of online business. Customers are more interested for buying the products through online due their hectic lifestyle. Figure 7: Number of e-reader Users Best Buy, eBay are the other potential competitors of Amazon for the e-commerce marketing and selling of the products. Though there are so many competitors are available in the market but they are not to fulfill the requirement of the customers and to cover the all market. According to the experts, it is expected that the future demand of online e-commerce will grow further in the future. So, amazon can develop and grow the market through developing innovative product and service to the customers. Figure 8: Market Share of Online Seller Company Figure 9: E-reader Shipments Worldwide On the basis of above figure, it can be explained that the market share of amazon is very less and it has decreased from the previous year. So, they should focus on increasing the market share for the sustainability in the industry. The growth of business is also very less. So, it can create difficult situation for the organization. So, they should take effective strategy for the growth of the business. One of the major challenges of the company is to setback the suppliers. The success of Amazon is majorly through the product selling at the low prices and speed delivery of the product to the buyers. The strategy has been a bit complicated when dealing with the suppliers. One of the cases with MacMillan, a well known book publisher, demanded the agreement to set the prices for their books and provide Amazon a fixed discount, the buy options on the Amazon website for MacMillan published books got deactivated. The news spread around and for this agreement Apple approached MacMillan, see ing this Amazon re-activated the buy buttons. This showed the susceptibility of the company to the external competitive forces which may have great influence on the organization. 2.2. Market Penetration Being the e-commerce giant, the company should focus on the least risky approach. The organization should focus on advertising programs, should organize different marketing programs for the customers. Arranging loyalty programs for the potential and long-term customers would help to retain more customers; here the company should put more effort in offering specific offers to customers. Additional of sales resource is also a way to protect market penetration by holding customers satisfaction towards the brand. The company should expand the range of products along with effective and attractive services for satisfying their existing trustworthy customers (Martin and Schouten 2012). Another major area of concern regarding the protection of market penetration is analyzing and modifying the pricing strategy. As it is a renowned company and provides offers to all class customers, the company should involve differentiated pricing strategy, which would help to attract all class of customers. Therefore, the company should adapt the pricing strategy, which is favorable for mass marketing, it would help the company to retain trustworthiness of the customers belonging from various classes, thereby protecting customer base. Amazons strategies adopted for the market penetration is basically dominating the markets by driving out the competitors, increasing the customer base and retain and increase the share market for products (Peter and Donnelly 2013). 2.3. Product Development The company should increase the availability of the product and also should focus on devolving innovative product for the customers (Wymbs 2011).It required the customers need assessment and a path for extension of the brand which was successfully adopted by Amazon. So, they need take product development strategy for developing new products for the customers (Lee and Carter 2012). The choice of the customers is changing day by day. So, they should focus on the changing demand of the customers. They should identify the requirement and trend of the customers properly and should provide the products according to their requirement. This strategy is generally adopted when the product life is at the decline stage in the markets while the e-commerce and mobile commerce is still in the introductory stages. The following is the Ansoff matrix for Amazon: PRODUCT EXISTING NEW E A B X I MARKET PENETRATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT S T (Low Risk) (Medium Risk) M I A N Build / Protect Existing capabilities R G Consolidation Core than current expectations K With new capabilities E T C D N E MARKET DEVELOPMENT MARKET DIVERSIFICATION W (Moderate Risk) (High Risk) New markets, new segments and new users Existing capabilities With new capabilities and more than current expectations Core than current expectations With new capabilities Ansoff Matrix (Source: Romero 2010) 3. Market Penetration Strategies Amazon market penetration could be sustained by selling Amazon products and Amazon Kindle promotion in the existing markets with the extensive and aggressive marketing strategies so as to gain the higher market share in the existing market with low risk and increasing sales. The three tools for market penetration are as follows: 3.1. Marketing Mix Strategy Amazon is one of the worlds largest online sellers of the various products such as books, games, music, movies and clothes, accessories and grocery products (Romero 2010). The company has chosen the intelligent and careful investment and acquires the small and medium businesses to enable itself move forward with the e-commercial business and expand fast by delivering the products with packaging for its customers. The marketing mix for next three years for the company to expand its market share consists of 7 Ps which are as follows: Product: Amazon is a multinational e-commerce company that connects to the potential customers through internet from various gadgets- PCs, Laptops, Mobile and Tablets. This allows the customers to easily browse from sitting home and purchase the products immediately. The increase in the product of the company has time and again delivered the customers with satisfaction from the products including the timely delivery services of the companies. Figure 10: Most Preferred e-reading Device The company should make stock of new innovative products and it should increase the category of products for increasing the market (Martin and Schouten 2012). The other products include- DVDs, Books, mobile Phones/tablets, clothes, jewellery and games. The initial product of Amazon was books and was known as the highest book seller which is still present. The market share of e-reader is high i.e. 73.7%. So, if the company gives more focus on this aspect it can help to increase the market share. The best experience of the customers is when they type the need of the product or the book in the search list; there is cent percent chance that Amazon has the availability of that product. As the industry grew the company expanded the Amazon Products for good online shopping experience to its customers. Place: The Company being the worlds online store for the variety of products, it must keep the existing markets target group with the customized products needs. They need to effective strategy for providing delivery of products to the customer within quick time (Morison and McMullan 2013). Sometimes, it has found that they make delay to deliver the products within specified time. It can create bad reputation for the company. So, they need to build shipment hub in each large town for making the availability of products and ensuring quick delivery (Romero 2010). Amazon has a large base for customer service in various countries where it has online presence, this help companys product to reach the customers. Price: Amazon is known for providing competitive prices and this is the reason for it being ahead in the preferences of the price sensitive customers. According to market reports, it has found that the amazon is facing certain challenges for the pricing strategies. Pricing strategies play effective role in marketing (Bosik 2011). A company can become to compete with the competitors if they are not able to set effective pricing strategies. The competitors of amazon are providing high quality of products and services with low prices. So, the company should focus on competitors pricing for setting the price of products. Sometimes, it takes high delivery charges from the customer for low price products. They should focus on competitors and follow their pricing strategies before setting their own strategies. Promotion: The Advertising and mass media promotion strategy has created the awareness of the brand products and services. Introducing of smartphone is laying effective for promoting products and services by the organizations (Morison and McMullan 2013). The marketing through word of mouth also provides the key benefit for the company to get access of various new customers in the existing market. The people who probably would like to buy the book can do so through online shopping. They can promote their products and services through developing new apps for smarphones, tabs and other electronics devices (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger 2012). There are cases when the customer orders for the book which is not available with online store, the customer my click the button for his preference and within few hours the book is available for the customer and he is intimidated about it. The customer gets easily directed for the activities in the Amazon website itself and advertises and sells Kindle in the website, which is the most efficient strategy. According to Diamantopoulos et al. (2012), this is the strategy by which the company may easily expand the market by capturing new customers and retention of existing customers. Though they have already apps for various electronics but it should develop new app with high design and graphics. The apps should be easy to use and to identify the products, services and related information. People: People or the employees who will play the front line are the post important part of the business. The employees of the organization of the marketing and sales department are the important people for the marketing strategy. These employees play the vital roles in the advertisement giving and public relationship making. The employee of the marketing department interacts with the customers by campaigning and different types of promotional activities. Effective customer services are provided by the frontline employees of the sales department of the company. Process: The company is using the internet as the platform of their business. They are providing the home delivery services of their products to the customers. The effective level of managing the website of the company and the efficient delivery of the products is helping them to have the high level of success in their business. Physical evidence: The physical evidence of the product and services are the physical presence of the products and the invoices of the products and services. In case of receiving the e-receipts, the customers are still having the physical evidence of the products as the form of pdf files. 3.2. Developing of Digital Marketing Communications Digital technology can help to provide advantage for the improvement of the organizations (Du Plessis, Strydom and Jooste 2012). Though amazon is using advanced technology for operating its business but it should develop more advanced technology for maintain communication with both publishers and customers. Technology is not fixed and it changes time to time. So, the company also needs to keep update with the technology for the sustainability of business (Wymbs 2011). For amazon kindle, internet and web are main platform for fulfilling the requirements of the customers (Nahari, Krutz and Chapa 2011). The company cannot able to survive in the industry without developing effective communication with its all satkeholders (Jolibert 2012). The company operates direct marketing. So, in this case proper communication with the customer is essential for achieving the goal. Both telephonic and web communication are required for the business. There are certain issues related to getting the answ er of query. Sometime customers need to wait for long time for connecting the call with the customer care representative. They also get feedback through web after waiting long. So, they need to increase the telephonic call receiving capacity and also to improve the web technology for the improvement of the business. 3.3. Customer Relationship Management Amazon Kindle targets over 35 year old to 60 years of age group that contributes to about 60 percent of the market, rest of the market are young generation involved in studies and assignments which are targets for the company. The relationship of the company and customers have always been positive as the customers get satisfied of the products, their availability, quality, prices and most importantly its timely delivery (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh and Best 2012). This is the key market penetration strategy which succeeds for the Kindle brand. The company seems to have best stock of the books of about 350,000 e-books also available for download. There are major competitors in the same horizon including Barnes Noble, Apple, and IREX Technologies, but Amazon Kinder provides the stock readily available at the demand of the customer with the best prices (Noble 2016).This manages the customer relationship with the e-readers of Kindle and fulfills the needs of the customers by providing product s at differential prices and on time delivery (Homburg, Krohmer and Kuester 2013). 4. Resources Needs for the Proposed Changes In long run of e-books market, the positive growth of the potential market is likely seen in the future. The marketing strategies of Amazon would be the base for the companys success. The main stem for the company is the large amount of publishers who have the bargaining power that exist in the print media. The publishers have significant access to the delivery of the books and its supply chain that retains the large portion of surplus of producers in print media. The small amount which the retailers receive of all the profits on the books, Amazon faces the same difficulty. The effective communication with all stakeholders is essential for the success of the organziation (Weinman 2010). So, it is required to create a media through which proper communication can be maintained. In this case, social network can help to improve the business. The reputation of the brand has been the substantial barrier to the new entrants in e-book selling market. The another strategy of Amazon would incl ude the partnership with the hardware based companies that includes Sony, Blackberry, and more that would limit the selling of the e-book reading content up to Amazon Kindle. They should implement new strategy for entering into locations that yet not covered by them for the growth of business (Wild 2011). Thus contract with the publishers would make it profitable for the business to maintain competitive advantage. Figure 11: Application of Social Network in Marketing Another strategy for sustaining in market includes the price altering for Amazon Kindle and E-books. They should conduct market research and collect information from the competitors before developing new strategy (Shaw, Zhang and Yue 2012). Information related to pricing and products is important for developing the new strategy. The increase in the number of the e-reader and e-book sales, the revenue would increase from the e-book selling. The company should maintain such system which can help to maintain the stock of wide range of products for the customer (Weinman 2010). So, in this case, information related to publisher is essential for maintaining the stock and take decision of making order of products. They should develop the web using advanced technology and graphics. It should identify more publishers and increase the availability of books, newspaper, magazines and other e-reading materials for attracting more customers. The developing of new strategy can help to provide the easy option to read a newspaper, books and magazine in different regional languages (Shaw, Zhang and Yue 2012). Automatic dictionary will be available in the software to translate in different languages (Romero 2010). Dictionary functions can also help to identify the meaning of any word if readers face any to understand the meaning. So, they need to store huge words and their meaning in different languages in the database for providing the dictionary words. Figure 12: Essential Resources for Changes The marketing of the Amazon Kindle plays a significant role for spreading awareness about the product to the potential customers. The advertising and marketing methods of Amazon must include marketing campaign about go green marketing for e-books and purchase of e-books rather hard copies made of paper by cutting down trees. The advertising must also include the following strategies of marketing: Media coverage Personal appearances Social media Book trailers Online radio and Podcasts Blogs Tele-classes and courses Articles on sites and email or newspapers Email correspondence by providing link of e-books The marketing budget for the above strategies would primarily depend on the audiences involved to be targeted after the analysis and research. Budgeted Figures and Action Plan Forecast 2016 2017 2018 Sales Forecast Sales units (million) 15 15.8 16.5 Sales Revenue (million) 530 583 641 Estimated Market Share 5% 8% 11% Table 1: Budgeted Plan Action Plan Activities Start Date End Date Budget 2016 Identifying potential market 15/02/2016 28/02/2016 $22,500 Conducting of Market Research 3/3/2016 30/04/2016 $128,200 Identify the competitors 2/4/2016 15/04/2016 $28,000 Setting of target customer and positioning 17/04/2016 18/05/2016 $36,000 Upgrading of website 2/4/2016 25/07/2016 $128,000 Developing of new apps 15/04/2016 30/07/2016 $150,000 Identifying of suppliers 20/05/2016 10/6/2016 $12,800 Advertising and promotions 2/8/2016 3/10/2016 $25,000,000 Increasing the availability of books 3/8/2016 30/9/2016 $12,360,280 Setting of pricing strategy 2/10/2016 15/10/2016 $24,500 $37,890,280 2017 Identifying of gap in the market 2/1/2017 15/1/2017 $28,800 Upgrading of website design and adding of new functions 3/2/2017 15/03/2017 $118,500 Identifying the feedback of the customer 16/01/2017 15/02/2017 $32,000 Estimating the requirement of the customers 16/02/2017 28/02/2017 $12,500 Upgrading of apps 18/03/2017 12/4/2017 $98,000 Conducting of promotional activities 2/5/2017 4/7/2017 $1,120,000 Development of mobile sites 13/4/2017 25/05/2017 $85,000 $1,494,800 2018 Identifying of new market 5/1/2018 9/2/2018 $36,500 New product development 15/03/2018 25/04/2018 $47,500 Conducting of strategic analysis and identifying of gap 20/02/2018 13/02/2018 $34,200 Adding of more function in website and app 3/5/2018 12/6/2018 $75,000 Online advertising 15/03/2018 19/04/2018 $12,250,000 $12,443,200 Table 2: Action Plan Conclusion The marketing strategy of the Amazon would help it to achieve the stable and dominant position in the e-book services during the journey till maturity. In the short term which is the three year marketing strategy plan of Amazon, it must focus on the expanding the market share by targeting the new customers with the existing products and market which is through market penetration strategy through digital advertising. The company must also target the commuters and travelers and reach them through direct advertising methods and retaining the customers by focusing on customer relationship management. The prices of the e-book are already low for Amazon providing it a competitive advantage over the competitors, but may try to lower it down for the e-book reader in Kindle so as to attract the price sensitive customers. This will certainly allow the Amazon to sustain its market position and achieve the maximum market share and remain leader in developing the e-book market. References: Amazon.com, 2016. Amazon.com: Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs more. 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Hawkins, D., Mothersbaugh, D. and Best, R., 2012. Consumer behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Homburg, C., Krohmer, H. and Kuester, S., 2013. Marketing management. London [u.a.]: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Huemer, C. and Setzer, T., 2011. E-commerce and web technologies. Dordrecht: Springer. Hutt, M. and Speh, T., 2013. Business marketing management. Australia: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Jolibert, A., 2012. Marketing management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Kindle.amazon.com, 2016. Amazon Kindle: Welcome. [online] Available at: https://kindle.amazon.com/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2016]. Kotler, P. and Keller, K., 2012. Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Laudon, K., Traver, C., Svendsen, E. and Laudon, K., 2011. E-commerce. Boston, Mass.: Pearson. Lee, K. and Carter, S., 2012. Global marketing management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Levens, M., 2014. Marketing 2014 + mymarketinglab with pearson etext access code. [Place of publication not identified]: Prentice Hall. Martin, D. and Schouten, J., 2012. Sustainable marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Morison, S. and McMullan, C., 2013. Preparing for the future: challenges and opportunities for management and leadership skills. BDJ, 214(1), pp.E2-E2. Nahari, H., Krutz, R. and Chapa, D., 2011. Web commerce security. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Pub. Noble, B., 2016. Barnes Noble. [online] Barnes Noble. Available at: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2016]. Pasquier, M. and Villeneuve, J., 2012. Marketing management and communications in the public sector. New York: Routledge. Peter, J. and Donnelly, J., 2013. Marketing management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O., 2012. Marketing 2012. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning. Romero, J., 2010. The iPad, the Kindle, and the Immutable Laws of the Marketplace [Tools Toys. IEEE Spectr., 47(10), pp.22-22. Shaw, M., Zhang, D. and Yue, W., 2012. E-Life: Web-enabled convergence of commerce, work, and social life. Berlin: Springer. Walmart.com, 2016. Walmart. [online] Available at: https://www.walmart.com/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2016]. Weinman, S., 2010. Amazon's E-Book Market Share May Plummet: Great News for Amazon - DailyFinance. [online] DailyFinance.com. Available at: https://www.dailyfinance.com/2010/02/17/amazons-e-book-market-share-may-plummet-great-news-for-amazon/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2016]. Wild, C., 2011. Electronic and mobile commerce law. Hatfield, Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press. Wymbs, C., 2011. Digital Marketing: The Time for a New "Academic Major" Has Arrived. Journal of Marketing Education, 33(1), pp.93-106. Bibliography: Ferrell, O.C. and Hartline, M., 2012.Marketing strategy, text and cases. Cengage Learning. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Kumar, V. and Rajan, B., 2012. Social coupons as a marketing strategy: a multifaceted perspective.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(1), pp.120-136. Kotler, P., 2012.Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

Satirical techniques in Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Satirical techniques in Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down The phrase Yellow Back refers to the culture of different fiction novels that created the myth of the Old West at the end of the nineteenth century. Although some people describe old west as just a state of mind, "one had to describe in one word the books that transformed not only series publishing but all publishing in the last half of the nineteenth century, it would be yellow-back'". (Harry Rusche). Radio is the culture that followed that era and after so many years, it became the TV culture; then cable TV; then MTV and now, the latest technology of cyberspace. Broke-down is a phrasal verb that means to stop functioning. However, in this paper, the terms are different in some ways. Radio "refers to the novel's oral, discontinuous form". (Carl Brucker). The term broke-down' means, "dismantling". Thus, the title of the novel means, "dismantling of a genre done in an oral way like radio". (Carl Brucker). "Yellow Back Radio" can also be read as symbolic of a media broadcasting traditi onal American values of capitalism and monotheism back in the 60's. That is how author Ishmael Reed defines it. Need essay sample on "Satirical techniques in Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Undergraduates Very Often Tell Us: I've procrastinated to write my film essays essay way too much today & I still don't wanna write it EssayLab professionals propose: Get Your Essay Before The Deadline How To Write A Term PaperHow To Write A 5 Paragraph EssayCheap EssaysPay For PapersCollege Papers For SalePay For EssayEssays For SaleBuy Essay Before proceeding to this paper's main theme, brief information on Reed is a must. Born 1938 in Tennessee, a state in the southern part of the USA, Ishmael Reed grew up in middle class neighborhoods in Buffalo, New York-the working class people. He attended the University of Buffalo. When Reed moved to New York City, he co-founded an underground newspaper called' East Village Other' in 1965. It achieved a national reputation. Also in 1965, he organized the American Festival of Negro Art. A novelist, poet, and essayist, a songwriter, television producer, publisher, magazine editor, playwright, and founder of the Before Columbus Foundation and There City Cinema, among his many hats, Reed has been a lecturer at the University of California at Berkeley. He now lives in Oakland, California. The purposes of this book review are, one: to find the political or social message in the text. Two: to see the larger `truth` being satirized. Three: the use of incongruity throughout the novel's powe r relationships between the Loop Garoo Kid and Drag. And four: the writers view for and against the novel's critical message. Above and beyond that, this novel will also define words like: satirical, incongruity, vodoun, hoodooism and houngan to name a few. In the novel "Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down", the study of it involves incongruity. In this novel, the term incongruity refers to the act of being inappropriate and unsuitable. For example, in the 60's, America still has not embraced the concept of accepting black people as part of their citizens. It was a time of transition for politics and new beliefs. It was "incongruent" at that time in a positive way because Reed was thinking ahead of his time. He saw that one day there would not only be equality among races in the USA but also a peaceful transfer of power from one white leader into another black leader as the case of today that there are now people-of-color policing different states across America. In Reed's time of writing this novel, there was already black cowboys way before his time. The old west was in fact, a history of two races-black and white people. According to history, "in 1513 thirty Africans with Balboa hacked their way through the lush vegetation of Panama and rea ched the Pacific. His men paused to build the first large European ships on the Pacific coast. Africans were with Ponce de Leon when he reached Florida" (William Katz). William Loren Katz stated that the explorers used Africans as interpreters in trading and exploratory ventures. This was first the idea of Portuguese conquistadors in the fifteenth century. Prince Henry actually ordered in 1435 that interpreters be used on all voyages to stabilize peace upon docking. Portuguese ships even brought Africans to Lisbon where they would be taught the language that could be used to interpret on subsequent voyages to Africa. As for the novel, it is filled with religious conflict on every page one will leaf through. The main character of the story is The Loop Garoo Kid-an African-American cowboy and Neohoodoo Houngan. Loop Garoo struggles to combat his nemesis in the person of Drag. Drag Gibson is an influential landowner who believes in Judeo-Christian Values. The United States, in all over the world, is the only country that defines itself as such. Judeo Christian, by the way is, "a belief in the biblical sense of Israel, in God's Ten Commandments and His biblical moral laws. It is a belief in universal, not relative, morality. It is a belief that America must answer morally to this God, not to the mortal, usually venal, governments of the world". (Dennis Prager). This means, in layman's terms, that it is a monotheistic religion that believes in God and corruption. In more words than usual, this novel by Ishmael Reed is more political than storytelling. Another character in the novel is Chief Showcase. Based on the story, he is the last surviving Native-American in the Yellow Back region. When Drag slaughtered all of Chief's people, the latter began writing prose against the sovereign of Drag in the town. This signifies the changes in USA when the white people eradicated the Native American tribes. Countless battles have been fought to relocate the Indians' into reservation camps. The 3 major characters showed most of the satirical humor of Reed. One, Drag killed a total of 7 wives in the entirety of the novel. This symbolizes failed marriages and divorce with failing amicable settlement on both parties. Two, the country's government's greed to take over lands that were once owned by capitalists is present in Chief Showcase's character of flying between two sides-landowners and the country's bureaucracy. The novel's minor characters also displayed satiric humor. Moustache Sal is the nymphomaniac mail-order bride of Drag. She does not have any racial discrimination at all in her persona. She even consorted with Loop Garoo and Chief. This signifies adultery and the trend of WASP's to order strangers from another country and marry them. Another character is Zozo Labrique. She is a Mambo. A Mambo is the female version of a Houngan. Killed by Drag's men, she reappeared as Loa-a spirit that guided Loop Garoo when summoned. This type of ritual signifies the idea that in Voduan, we are capable of calling forth the spirits that can gu ide us. Another character that best typifies human folly in the history of America is Pope Innocent. The Pope was just a very minor detail in the novel but the fact that he was invited by Drag meant that it is an epitome of how the Catholic Church suppressed the weaker cultures. The novel tells us how every now and then the Catholic Church will fight an insurgent small group. The next minor character is Reverend Boyd: the minister of a minor religion-Protestantism. This character satirizes the fact that church leaders have more skeletons in the closet than ordinary citizens. An example of this is the minister's resorting to drinking. It was very subtle of Reed to only state the drinking problem. In today's global news, leaders of religious sects have sex scandals already. The last minor character worth remembering in the novel is Field Marshall Theda Doompussy Blackwell. Upon reading the novel, one will have a vision that Blackwell is homosexual. Viewed as weak, and petulant, he is a symbol of the corrupt laws of the government in the early years of USA at the height of the Yellow back era. Poking fun at the image that men in uniform are often tough and rough, Reed made sure that this arm of the law is a non-conformist of the norms in his own right. The hidden truth in this novel is not a one item-one sentence description. There is the Loop Garoo who fights for his own beliefs; there is Drag Gibson who is the bully representative of the upper white class; there is Chief who, like a turncoat, flies between the eagle and the dove. Racial conflict is very much paramount in the novel too. The focus of the novel was the conflict between Loop Garoo and Drag Gibson: ebony versus ivory. Religious conflict: Neohoodooism against Judeo-Christianity. In the end, when Drag died because of Yellow Back's steel jawed hogs, it could well mean that the fatty foods of rich people with tender love for meat and heavy meals might kill them or it could mean another thing like broken promises of white leaders. In truth, the novel is one-sided it is old and was published back in the 60's. Leaders today, whether black or white, have failed promises as well. This novel could be a symbol of post war America but it does not speak of the American people's vo ice anymore than it used to do. The good: amazing description on symbolism; good choice of words; tremendous plot and uniquely named characters. The bad: quite outdated. This novel however, will always be a good read for satire and symbolism lovers. Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down makes fun of the Americans' eagerness to suspend civil rights in response to student protests of the Vietnam War. The novel is a talking novel because it has more dialogues than scenes and plots and is narrated by Loop Garoo-the post-war hero who brought new ideas and different concepts. Works Cited Brucker, Carl. "Ishmael Reed: Reedwritin' is a Contextual Query". 1987. June 23,2008 http://daphne.palomar.edu/rlatas/ho/100/reedwrittin.htm . Emick, Jennifer "Alternative Religions". 2008. June 22,2008 Gover, Robert. "Neohoodooism". JSTOR. June 23, 2008 http://www.jstor.org/pss/3041491 Katz, William. "The Black West". October 2005. June 23, 2008 http://www.randomhouse.com/broadway/blackink/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780767912310 Prager, Dennis. "What does Judeo-Christian mean? The Uniqueness of America". March 30,2004. June 23, 2008 http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0304/prager_2004_03_30_04.php3 Reed, Ishmael. "Yellow Back Radio broke down". 1969. Novel. Rusche, Harry. "Women's Genre Fiction Project: The yellow-back novel". June 23, 2008 http://womenwriters.library.emory.edu/genrefiction/doc-tgfwfw-hr_yellowbacks . Vodoun Culture. Vodoun official website. June 23, 2008http://www.geocities.com/athens/Delphi/5319/whatis.htm

Illegal Immigration Problem essays

Illegal Immigration Problem essays Since the New World was first discovered, there has been an enormous influx of people from various parts of the world and differing cultures who have wished to resettle in what is now the United States. Of course, these immigrants have historically arrived in the United States in waves, with different portions of the globe and different ethnicities being represented in each individual wave. Yet, one characteristic that has remained constant over the history of immigration in the United States is the general apprehensiveness with which new immigrants have been welcomed by the established culture and society. Although the issue of immigration amnesty has been debated for centuries, it still remains one of the most hotly contested and influential topics in modern public debate. The current wave of immigrants is largely represented by people from Mexico, along with several other Central American nations. Since, unlike in the past, these immigrants are capable of entering the United States over land, a significant portion of them have entered this country without the legal consent of American authorities. The arrival of these illegal immigrants has generated a number of social and economic problems, along with many cross-cultural and cross-racial tensions. According to some, the only reasonable way to address these problems is to crack-down on illegal immigration and stop it at its source. According to others, allowing illegal immigrants amnesty is the appropriate way to handle the social problems that their illegal status has created. Overall, many of the problems that have been introduced to the fabric of American life and the United States economy are a direct result of the necessarily covert lives illegal immigrants are forced to live. No one disputes that the existence of so many illegal immigrants in the United States creates a large workforce willing to work for wages far below what legal citizens are afforded by law. The qu...

Construction and business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Construction and business law - Essay Example Rather it can be said that the informal sources of law does not have a strong legal validity. In case of a conflict between the common law and the formal source of law always the formal source of law gains primacy. Courts which hear civil issues like issues related to debt, contract related matters and also property related issues. It also includes succession, real estate and custody related issues. The structure of the civil courts is as follows in the base lies the sheriff court, above it the Court of Session and above everything is the House of Lords. The Criminal Courts are those which deal with the criminal cases like rape, murder, theft, forgery and adultery. The structure of the Criminal Court is different from that of the Civil Court in the sense that at the base lays the District Court, then the Sheriff Court and above all the High Court of Judiciary. A real obligation always creates a debt and in the process becomes a principal obligation. In the English law there are two types of real obligation, they are namely land and rent. On the other hand the payment which is due against the land becomes a personal obligation. On the other hand it can be said that personal obligation and the real obligation are related to each other. One produces the other. For instance if land is the real obligation then in that case the fruits and flowers produced from that piece of land becomes the personal obligation. (Langdell, 2009, p. 199). The Inner House of the Court of Session is actually the appeal court. This court is divided into the First and the Second Divisions and each of the divisions have been given equal authority. The Divisions are presided by the Lord President and the Lord Justice Clerk respectively. The Inner House hears cases from the Outer House and some other Sheriff Court and Tribunals. The Outer House on the other hand hears cases at the first instance. They generally hear commercial cases, case related to contract and also judicial review. The judges of the Outer House also hear on the Intellectual Property Rights. Thus it can be said that the Inner House of Courts has more compared to the Outer House of Courts. (Court of Session - Introduction, n.d). The European Court of Justice is the highest Court of law in the European Law and it deals with all the laws of the European Union. This Court refers to the law of the community and it deals with all kinds of cases. The European Court of Human Rights on the other hand is the highest International Court. It deals with case related to the violation of the European Convention of Human Rights. Individuals can directly apply to the European Court of Human Rights. The main aim of the Court is to protect the human rights of the individuals or the states. Thus it can be said that the major difference between the two is that the European Court of Justice deal with all kinds of law and the European Court of Human Rights only deals with human rights related issues. Question 2: A courier company promises a 24 hour delivery service.' Its customer,a web-based travel agency, orders the couriers to deliver an essential computer component from the suppliers to their premises. En route, the couriers lose the package and end up taking 72 hours to deliver a replacement. The travel agency wishes to sue the courier company for the losses it has incurred as a result of the delay in delivery of the vital component.

Individual Argument Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Argument Assignment - Research Paper Example The argument shows that God is responsible for allowing evil to exist. God has the power to stop evil by stopping the evil persons from that since there is evil in the world (Lavery & Hughes, 2008). Further, Einstein’s argument Evil is the absence of God, who exists shows a logical argumentation. Einstein uses the logic of the darkness and light to prove his argument. Einstein insists that cold and darkness was invented by people to explain the absence of heat and light. However, God did not create darkness and cold. Similarly, evil is the absence of God in the lives of the evil persons. Consequently, God did not create evil but some individuals chose to exercise their free will to be evil by making God from their daily lives (Asheim, 2006). Furthermore, there are weaknesses in the arguments between the professor and the student, Einstein. In every rule there is always an exemption. Just because God created everything does not literally include creating evil. On the other hand, individuals commit evil by refusing to obey God’s laws to be good citizens. In the Einstein statement Evil is the absence of God, who exists may not be all true. In the story of Noah’s Ark, God flooded the entire earth to kill the evil people of the world (Tucker, 2005). God can do something to remove the evil individuals from society. God can lend a hand to stop the evil persons’ acts. The use of a better premise will translate an argument to a more effective one. If the premise is erroneous, the conclusion is questionable. If the premise is logically persuasive, the conclusion is tenable (Louw, 1998). Further, the professor and Einstein could have done a better job at improving their concepts. The professor could have stated: God did not create everything in this world. The revised statement shows that persons exercise their free will to do evil acts by refusing to obey God’s laws. The professor is using wrong logical reasoning. Using the same argument, God

Structural approaches to systems of signification are rooted in linguistic theory Essay Example for Free

Structural approaches to systems of signification are rooted in linguistic theory Essay A general analysis of language assists in the deconstruction of meaning as it inscribes in different types of narratives (whether verbal or non-verbal). This analysis can be divided into 4 processes. The first process is the identification of sign systems used in particular social situations. The second process is the determination of body movements, sounds, or letters that individuals use to express the sign system. For example, when an individual refer to the term ‘funeral’, then all individuals in a particular social group must know the proper reference to a funeral. The fourth process is called social convention. Every individual in a community or group must agree on a common set of meanings for the sign system. The fifth process is the rate by which signs changes meaning. This phenomenon is common in Western societies where words and symbols often change as a response to social, economic, and political changes. One of the leading figures of semiotics is Roland Barthes who applied the structuralist linguist theory of Saussure to the study of mythology. His research paved the way for the development of a ‘contemporary mythology. ’ The findings were as follows: 1) The elements involved in narratives are often objects which assume meaning that transcends beyond their aesthetic and normative value. The development of this set of meanings is often expressed in the so-called ‘second level language’; 2) Barthes also identified the so-called ‘second order semiological system’, a sign system which enables people to communicate with each other; 3) An object assumes meaning when society attaches a particular value to a place, object, and entities. However, the significance of an object, idea or place may also be ambiguous and may assume a set of meanings that may be hard to deconstruct. The ability to deconstruct meaning depends on a number of factors: 1) the complexity of the social situation, 2) the relationships of the actors involved, 3) the complexity of the general sign system used, 4) the range of possibilities, and 5) the biases of the researcher. Deconstructing meaning is a process by which an individual attempts to relate one set of meaning to another in a particular situation; that is, the repercussions of motives and intentions are always embedded in behavioral orientation. 2) Language is a system of distinct signs which correspond to distinct ideas (Saussure 1966:16). Please explain the nature of sign according to Saussure’s theory of language. With the publication of the Course of General Linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure established a formal theory of language. Some of the assumptions of his theory were as follows: 1) There is a distinction between language and parole (speech). According to Saussure, language is the system of symbols in which individuals communicate. Parole refers to actual utterances. Since individuals communicate in an infinite number of utterances, it is the symbolic system which is deemed more important. In providing distinction between uttering and language, one is also separating: a) what is social from what is individualistic, and b) what is essential from what is supplemental. Saussure likened this proposition to a chess game. The chess game has rules which define the overall essence of the game. Utterances are the actual moves of the players. The rules reflect the language used in the game; 2) Languages do not produce different versions of reality; they in fact produce different realities. According to Saussure, the differences in language reflect the general differences not only in the interpretation of what is real but also the notion of what ought to be real. In short, if a language does not have a word for ‘natural’ then individuals who use such language will in effect submerged in a world which is unnatural. Here, the term ‘natural’ is both ambiguous and vague because individuals have no common assumptions of what is ‘natural’; 3) Language is the means by which social meanings is communicated through the use of signs. A sign or a word defines the relationship between the assumed image of a set of sounds or signifiers and the actual image in an individual or group’s consciousness. A sign is a mediator between the assumed and the actual, between the real and the immaterial. According to Saussure, signs define the conceptual outlook of particular objects, entities, and even other ideas (Wittgenstein called this as referent idea). For example, the word ‘family’ describes both the ideal notion of a ‘family’ and the actual image of a family (reality). In short, a sign define the ideal and realistic boundary of specific ideas, objects, and entities. The bond, however, between the signifier and the signified is both arbitrary and necessary. The principle of arbitrariness is predominant when all ideas about the boundary of language are assumed to be in unity. Here, language is assumed to be a matter of social convention; that is, a general creation of collective consciousness. Hence, the set of signifiers (signs) becomes a means to describe and define the image of an object, idea, or entity. Signs become, as what philosophers of language called, an ‘arbitrary assumption of events’ – events which are either singular or plural in orientation. Signs therefore are subject to social change – as actors periodically change the meaning and application of signs in a sign system. In some cases, the change is radical that the original symbolic meanings are radically altered. Here, the signs remained intact, but the associated meaning greatly changed. This radical change is though not separated from changes that occur in a larger social environment, for it is the social environment which is the initial source of change. Saussure defined language as both a ‘social phenomenon’ and a ‘psychological phenomenon. ’ It is a social phenomenon because the significance of signs is dependent on social context or milieu. Social context here refers to a state of perpetual change in language over time. In fact, Saussure argued that all languages are equal in complexity. This assumption may be ambitious, but it has not without basis. Languages change because the social contexts to which they are located also change. A good example of language change is the creation of new words in many of the leading world’s languages. This process of language ramification is perhaps due to the rapidly increasing communication among individuals, groups, and institutions. However, much of the newly created words are ambiguous and vague in form. Many individuals either attach multiple meanings to a word or simply fail to attach a clear cut meaning to such word. 3) Debord states: ` an earlier stage in the economy’s domination of social life entailed an obvious downgrading of being into having that left its stamp on all human behaviour. The present stage, which social life is completely taken over by the accumulated products of the economy, entails a generalised shift from having to appearing: all effective `having` must now derive both its immediate prestige and its ultimate raison dentre from appearances` (Debord 1994:16). Explain in your own words Debord’s analysis of the society of the spectacle. Much of Debord’s ideas of the society of the spectacle were derived from Marxian theory. According to Marxian theory: 1) Society is divided into two structures: the superstructure and the substructure. The superstructure is the set of institutions functioning in the society. The substructure is the economic system utilized by the society. There is a dialectic relationship between these two structures. Initially, the substructure influences the creation of the superstructure. The economic system determines the type of institutions that will be developed in the society. The superstructure then either reinforces or alters the substructure, depending on the needs of the society; 2) The behavior of human wants is always conspicuous. Every individual desires not only the basic needs of life but also the ideal notion of fruitful living. Here, Marxian theory suggests that human want is both arbitrary and unlimited. Individuals will strive to attain what is socially acceptable and what is necessary. Consumption is a means to ‘show’ that these ends are met (echoes Veblen’s idea on conspicuous consumption). Individuals therefore, disregarding the efficacy of moderation, engages in subtle confrontation with the sources of frustration. The end: the individual becomes more and more attuned to the affairs of the market, and subject to the whims of the ruling class – whom unconsciously is fueling individual frustration to obtain higher market value for their products. Debord expounded on the development of a modern society in which genuine social life has been displaced with its representation – that is, its image. Debord argues that the history and essence of social life can be understood as the ‘decline of being into having, and having into merely appearing. ’ Debord notes that this condition of human life is the event in which commodity completely colonized the virtue of social life – an unconscious process of colonization of the ideal notion of life. The term ‘spectacle’ connotes a social system characterized by the affluence of advance capitalism, the mass media, and capitalist led governments. The spectacle is the general opposite image of society in which the relationship between commodities have, in general, displaced the relationships between people. The worship of the commodity becomes not just a rule but the aspiration of social life. In the society of the spectacle, the quality of life is poor, human perceptions greatly altered by both the market and mass media, and a general degradation of genuine knowledge. Knowledge becomes a tool for distorting reality – obstructing the true essence of the past, and promising a bright future of mass consumption and happiness. Here, individuals becomes attune to the calls of the promise and prevent themselves from realizing that such ‘spectacle’ is only illusory – that the society of spectacle is only a moment in history which can be overturned by collective action. The responsibility therefore of the ‘drugged’ individual is to free himself from the chains of spectacular images through radical action. This radical action will restore the beauty and essence of social life – life defined not by the relations between commodities but by the relations between individuals. 4) Basing yourself on first Levi-Strauss and then Barthess analyses, describe how myths function as types of narratives that carry a message. Levi-Strauss applied the structural linguistics of Saussure to the analysis of family. Traditionally, the family is seen as the fundamental object of analysis and as a self-contained unit consisting typically of a husband, wife, and children (offspring). Levi-Strauss argued that families only acquire determinate identities through relations among units. Levi-Strauss fundamentally altered the classical view of anthropology, putting the secondary family members first and analyzing the relationships among units instead of the units themselves. Levi-Strauss’ application of structural linguistics is also evident in his work Mythologiques, a series of work on myths and legends. According to Levi-Strauss, myths are a type of speech in which a symbolic system could be discovered. This theory attempted to explain the similarities of myths across cultures. Levi-Strauss argued that there is no such thing as ‘singular authentic version of a myth’ rather a general manifestation of the same language. In order to understand this language, the fundamental units of myth, the mytheme, must be examined. To find the mythemes, Levi-Strauss deconstructed each version of a myth into a set of sentences, consisting generally of a relation between a function and a subject. Sentences with the same function and subject were given the same number. Both Levi-Strauss and Barthess analysis of myths revealed striking results. First, the coagulation of myths is a message of a common language. Second, the myth itself not only expressed social, economic, and political values, but also the means in which people throughout the ages communicate. Third, binary opposition is a common characteristic of language – that is, people communicate through binary opposites. And lastly, myths function as a kind of lingual illusion which drives individual to act on the basis of the myth itself (the myth is a self-sufficient source of action). Here, the degree of which an individual communicates the myth to another individual is related to the preponderance of a myth. Hence, the survival of a myth depends on the way and degree to which it is communicated.

Asian Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

The financial crisis that erupted in Asia in mid-1997 has led to sharp declines in the currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices of a number of Asian countries. It is hard to understand what these declines will actually do to the world market. This decline is expected to halve the rate of world growth in 1998 from the four percent that was projected pre-crisis to an estimated outcome of about 2 percent. The countries that are included in the East Asian crisis, known as "Tiger" economies, are Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. For these countries to participate effectively in the exchange of goods, services, and assets, an international monetary system is needed to facilitate economic transactions. To be effective in facilitating movement in goods, services, and assets, a monetary system most importantly requires an efficient balance of payments adjustment mechanism so that deficits and surpluses are not prolonged but are eliminated with relative ease in a reasonably short time period. The Asian crisis of recent falls into this category of inefficient balance of payments facilitated by depreciation of its currency. By competitively depreciating its currencies, Asia is exporting its deflation, its overcapacity and its lack of growth to the West, particularly to the US. History The past ten or fifteen years have seen an unprecedented expansion in the extent to which the countries of the world are tied ...

Notes on Anil Essay

However, he sees people outside and discovers the Headman’s brother, Marimuthu hanging a woman, at which he is traumatised. The next day, the body has been taken down and we learn that it is Marimuthu’s wife. However, Marimuthu is pretending that his wife has commited suicide. Anil tells the village & the Headman that he saw Marimuthu kill the woman and the Headman goes off to talk to Anil’s father about him. In the next section, we learn that Anil is being sent to school (a great opportunity) but it is so that the Headman can cover up his brother’s actions as a murderer. At the end, both father & son explore their decisions and whether they made the right/wrong choice given the consequences. The last scene shows the Headman & his brother, the Headman smiling at his brother and the brother showing relief that they got away with it. Form †¢ †¢ Omniscient narrator – allows us to learn the feelings of each of the characters – an overview of the story. Short story bildungsroman: shows the character growing up/maturing when he learns the nature of good/evil and something about morality, â€Å"I will never forget this town and the sin that it buries today. As a child, we believe in right & wrong and that sins are punished. However, he learns that there is not always justice in the world, and in fact sin is metaphorically buried. †¢ Epiphany: as above: â€Å"I will never forget this town and the sin that it buries today. † (line 216. ) Structure †¢ †¢ Lines 93-95- powerful visual- cinematic description of the body shocks us- climax shocking so early in the story. Lines 41- 60- the boy’s fears are presented: father, fear of the dark, mosquito, ghosts- writer uses one word lines to reflect the tension, ‘They. Peyi. Pesase. Ghosts. ’- also ‘Dare he? ’- the omniscient narrator draws us into Anil’s mind. Lines 159-160- the second section is used to describe the aftermath where Anil finds himself accusing the murderer, ‘You killed her. ’ We are left on a cliff-hanger as we wonder what the consequences will be, ‘†¦ about this son of yours. ’ See epiphany is form. Lines 198-202- we are now given Ragunathan’s perspective and the writer presents his confused shame as Anil is sent away. †¢ †¢ †¢ Language †¢ Lines 1-14 (opening paragraph): heat is emphasised to create a claustrophobic and confined setting, ‘hot, sweltering’- contrasts with the image of the star Anil watches, ‘a small star shone†¦ ’ as his dreams set him apart (omniscient narrator allows us to see Anil’s perspective and draws us to him. ) Lines 21-31- physical details of mother reinforce the heat and discomfort/pain of the setting and their lives, ‘wet patch†¦ layers of fat’- a child’s view amuses us ‘Wheee†¦ the fly slid down’ but is mixed with the accepted pain/violence/abuse ‘the bruise†¦where Appa†¦ had hit her. ’ Lines 69- 74- symbolism of the tree- from childish view ‘†¦ a tree that ate little children. ’ To shocking reality ‘They were hanging a woman. Lines 222- end- the worm simile used to describe how Marimuthu views the train/the truth within Anil reflects the relief he feels at having escaped justice- the heat of his wife’s injustice distorts the train and makes the image sinister, but even more sinister to the reader is the ‘shadow of a smile’ which hints that all is under control again. †¢ †¢ †¢ How to use PETER for analysis: P- The writer uses a star at the beginning of the story and after the climax of the murder to highlight Anil’s innocence and isolation, E- ‘silencing the sobs that wracked his little body, as a star shimmered above. ’ T- The repeated symbolism of the star as well as the alliteration of ‘silencing the sobs’ and ‘star shimmered’ E- draws our attention to his vulnerability and perhaps loss of innocence as he witnesses such a crime. R- We cannot help but feel pity for Anil’s character as we share his pain and terror. O- create your own other interpretation here.